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Normalized 9310 Ni-Cr-Mo Steel

Normalized SAE-AISI 9310 is SAE-AISI 9310 steel in the normalized condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare normalized SAE-AISI 9310 to: SAE-AISI wrought steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

610

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

19 %

Fatigue Strength

390 MPa 56 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell B Hardness

270

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

570 MPa 82 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

910 MPa 130 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

570 MPa 83 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

440 °C 820 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

48 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.7 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.9 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

4.4 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

57 L/kg 6.8 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

150 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

860 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

32 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

27 points

Thermal Diffusivity

13 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

27 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 93.8 to 95.2
Nickel (Ni)Ni 3.0 to 3.5
Chromium (Cr)Cr 1.0 to 1.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.45 to 0.65
Silicon (Si)Si 0.2 to 0.35
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.080 to 0.15
Carbon (C)C 0.080 to 0.13
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.015
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.012

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A646: Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015