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SAE-AISI 1044 (G10440) Carbon Steel

SAE-AISI 1044 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the hot worked condition. 1044 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. G10440 is the UNS number.

It has a moderately high tensile strength among the wrought carbon or non-alloy steels in the database.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare SAE-AISI 1044 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

18 %

Fatigue Strength

230 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Reduction in Area

46 %

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

620 MPa 89 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

340 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

400 °C 750 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

51 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.0 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.0 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

1.8 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

45 L/kg 5.4 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

94 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

320 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

22 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

21 points

Thermal Diffusivity

14 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

20 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 98.8 to 99.27
Carbon (C)C 0.43 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.3 to 0.6
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for

Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015