SAE-AISI 1144 (G11440) Carbon Steel
SAE-AISI 1144 steel is a resulfurized carbon steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1144 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. G11440 is the UNS number.
The properties of SAE-AISI 1144 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI 1144 steel to: wrought resulfurized carbon steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220 to 230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 to 17 %
Fatigue Strength
280 to 430 MPa 41 to 63 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
34 to 40 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
460 to 510 MPa 67 to 73 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
750 to 840 MPa 110 to 120 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
420 to 690 MPa 61 to 100 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2650 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
51 W/m-K 30 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.9 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.0 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
47 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
91 to 110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
480 to 1290 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
27 to 30 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
23 to 25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 to 24 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.5 to 98 | |
| Mn | 1.4 to 1.7 | |
| C | 0.4 to 0.48 | |
| S | 0.24 to 0.33 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015