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UNS S24000 (XM-29) Stainless Steel

S24000 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. XM-29 is the ASTM designation for this material. S24000 is the UNS number.

It has a moderately low base cost among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately low embodied energy and a moderately high tensile strength.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare S24000 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

210

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

39 %

Fatigue Strength

370 MPa 54 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Reduction in Area

57 %

Rockwell B Hardness

88

Shear Modulus

77 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

530 MPa 77 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

770 MPa 110 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

430 MPa 63 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

410 °C 780 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

910 °C 1660 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1390 °C 2540 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1350 °C 2460 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Expansion

17 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

12 % relative

Density

7.6 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

39 MJ/kg 17 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

150 L/kg 18 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

23

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

260 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

470 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

28 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

24 points

Thermal Shock Resistance

16 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of S24000 stainless steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn). Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible.

Iron (Fe)Fe 61.5 to 69
Chromium (Cr)Cr 17 to 19
Manganese (Mn)Mn 11.5 to 14.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 2.3 to 3.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.75
Nitrogen (N)N 0.2 to 0.4
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.060
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A479: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels

ASTM A240: Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010