UNS S33228 Stainless Steel
S33228 stainless steel is a superaustenitic (highly alloyed) stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition.
It has a moderately high base cost among wrought superaustenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately low ductility and a moderately high embodied energy.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare S33228 stainless steel to: wrought superaustenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
34 %
Fatigue Strength
170 MPa 24 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Reduction in Area
39 %
Rockwell B Hardness
82
Shear Modulus
79 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
570 MPa 83 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
210 MPa 30 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
310 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
560 °C 1050 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1100 °C 2010 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1410 °C 2560 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1360 °C 2480 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
37 % relative
Density
8.0 g/cm3 500 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
6.2 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
89 MJ/kg 38 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
220 L/kg 27 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
27
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
150 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
110 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
20 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Shock Resistance
13 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of S33228 stainless steel is notable for including cerium (Ce) and containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Cerium is used to improve high temperature oxidation resistance. Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.
| Fe | 36.5 to 42.3 | |
| Ni | 31 to 33 | |
| Cr | 26 to 28 | |
| Nb | 0.6 to 1.0 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ce | 0.050 to 0.1 | |
| C | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.025 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Metallic Materials: Physical, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties, Philip A. Schweitzer, 2003
ASTM A479: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A240: Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010