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2025 Aluminum vs. EN 1.1221 Steel

2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while EN 1.1221 steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is EN 1.1221 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110
210 to 250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Elongation at Break, % 15
10 to 21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 130
240 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
72
Shear Strength, MPa 240
450 to 520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
730 to 870
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260
390 to 550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 520
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
48
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
2.1
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 55
67 to 130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 450
410 to 800
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 37
26 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
23 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
23 to 28

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.9 to 95.2
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.57 to 0.65
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.4
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
97.1 to 98.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.1
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.035
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0