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AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 9

Both AISI 416 stainless steel and ASTM A356 grade 9 are iron alloys. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 9.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230 to 320
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 31
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 230 to 340
310
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 76
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510 to 800
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290 to 600
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 680
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1530
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1480
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 30
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.9
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.3
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
3.6
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
2.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
33
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
56

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 13
4.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 140
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220 to 940
570
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 29
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 25
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.1
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 30
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 12 to 14
1.0 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 83.2 to 87.9
95.2 to 97.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.3
0.5 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0.2 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.35