AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
Both AISI 416 stainless steel and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. They have 78% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 31 | |
| 9.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 340 | |
| 140 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 to 800 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 600 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C | 390 | |
| 460 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 680 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1530 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 30 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.9 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 13 | |
| 29 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 140 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 220 to 940 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 29 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 25 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.1 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 30 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 12 to 14 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.3 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |