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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. AISI 416 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM grade HD steel and AISI 416 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 78% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is AISI 416 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
13 to 31
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
230 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
510 to 800
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
290 to 600

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
270
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 460
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
680
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1530
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
30
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
9.9

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
27
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
100

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 29
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
98 to 140
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
220 to 940
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
18 to 29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
18 to 25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
8.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
19 to 30

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
12 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
83.2 to 87.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0 to 1.3
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.060
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0.15 to 0.35