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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. ASTM A182 Grade F23

Both ASTM grade HD steel and ASTM A182 grade F23 are iron alloys. They have 68% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F23.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
74
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
570
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1500
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
2.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
36
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
59

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 29
5.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
550
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.030
Boron (B), % 0
0.0010 to 0.0060
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0.040 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
1.9 to 2.6
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
93.2 to 96.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0.1 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0.050 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.020 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.015
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.0050 to 0.060
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.5 to 1.8
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.3