ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. AWS E110C-K4
Both ASTM grade HD steel and AWS E110C-K4 are iron alloys. They have 68% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is AWS E110C-K4.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 17 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 850 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 250 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 8.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 9.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 3.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 23 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 54 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 140 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 1600 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 30 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 25 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0.15 to 0.65 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 92.1 to 98.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0.75 to 2.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.25 to 0.65 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |