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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4161 Steel

Both ASTM grade HD steel and SAE-AISI 4161 steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4161 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
290
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
680
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
43
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
2.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
50

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
460
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
22

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0.56 to 0.64
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
0.7 to 0.9
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
96.7 to 97.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0.25 to 0.35
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040