AWS E2594 vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel

Both AWS E2594 and ASTM grade HL steel are iron alloys. They have 84% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.

AWS E2594 (W39594) Weld Metal ASTM Grade HL (29Cr-20Ni, N08604) Cast Stainless Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		17
Elongation at Break, %		11

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		81
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		850
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		500

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		300
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		320

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1390

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1340

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		490

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		22
Base Metal Price, % relative		27

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.8

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		4.3
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		4.5

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		60
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		65

Embodied Water, L/kg		190
Embodied Water, L/kg		210

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		43
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		30
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		18

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		18

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		21
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.040
Carbon (C), %		0.2 to 0.6

Chromium (Cr), %		24 to 27
Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0

Iron (Fe), %		53.8 to 63.8
Iron (Fe), %		40.8 to 53.8

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 2.0

Molybdenum (Mo), %		3.5 to 4.5
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.5

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		18 to 22

Nitrogen (N), %		0.2 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 2.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.040