AWS E2594 vs. AWS E312
Both AWS E2594 and AWS E312 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is AWS E312.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 210 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 81 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 850 | |
| 740 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 300 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1360 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 15 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 22 | |
| 20 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.3 | |
| 3.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 60 | |
| 52 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 190 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 43 | |
| 31 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 30 | |
| 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 18 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24 to 27 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 53.8 to 63.8 | |
| 52.3 to 63.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 8.0 to 10.5 | |
| 8.0 to 10.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |