AWS E2594 vs. AWS E320

Both AWS E2594 and AWS E320 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 71% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is AWS E320.

AWS E2594 (W39594) Weld Metal AWS E320 (W88021) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		17
Elongation at Break, %		34

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.28

Shear Modulus, GPa		81
Shear Modulus, GPa		77

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		850
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		620

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		300
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		300

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		460

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		22
Base Metal Price, % relative		38

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		8.2

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		4.3
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		6.5

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		60
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		91

Embodied Water, L/kg		190
Embodied Water, L/kg		220

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		43
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		28

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		24

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		30
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		21

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		20

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		21
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.040
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.070

Chromium (Cr), %		24 to 27
Chromium (Cr), %		19 to 21

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		3.0 to 4.0

Iron (Fe), %		53.8 to 63.8
Iron (Fe), %		31.8 to 43.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		3.5 to 4.5
Molybdenum (Mo), %		2.0 to 3.0

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		32 to 36

Niobium (Nb), %		0
Niobium (Nb), %		0 to 1.0

Nitrogen (N), %		0.2 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.6

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030