AWS E312 vs. AISI 416 Stainless Steel

Both AWS E312 and AISI 416 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is AISI 416 stainless steel.

AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal AISI 416 (S41600) Stainless Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190

Elongation at Break, %		25
Elongation at Break, %		13 to 31

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.28

Shear Modulus, GPa		80
Shear Modulus, GPa		76

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		510 to 800

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		270

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1530

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1480

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		20
Base Metal Price, % relative		7.0

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.9

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		27

Embodied Water, L/kg		200
Embodied Water, L/kg		100

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		13

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		18 to 29

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		18 to 25

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19 to 30

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32
Chromium (Cr), %		12 to 14

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0

Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5
Iron (Fe), %		83.2 to 87.9

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.3

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.060

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0.15 to 0.35