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AWS E312 vs. Grade 31 Titanium

AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is grade 31 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 25
20
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 740
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
540
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
8.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.7
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
36
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 52
600
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
230

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
32
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
39

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
0
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 52.3 to 63.5
0 to 0.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.5
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.35
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
97.9 to 99.76
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4