AWS E312 vs. C94400 Bronze
AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 18 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.35 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 37 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 740 | |
| 220 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 940 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1360 | |
| 790 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 350 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 15 | |
| 19 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 20 | |
| 32 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 9.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.6 | |
| 3.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 52 | |
| 54 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 390 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 6.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 | |
| 6.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 9.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 | |
| 8.3 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 76.1 to 84 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 52.3 to 63.5 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 9.0 to 12 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 2.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 8.0 to 10.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 7.0 to 9.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |