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EN 1.7231 Steel vs. Grade 31 Titanium

EN 1.7231 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.7231 steel and the bottom bar is grade 31 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 12
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 360 to 500
300
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 930
510
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 570 to 800
450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
8.7

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
3.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
6.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
36
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
600
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
230

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 87 to 100
99
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 870 to 1700
940
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 33
32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
8.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 27
39

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.45
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 96.4 to 98.1
0 to 0.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 1.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.35
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
97.9 to 99.76
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4