Grade 12 Titanium vs. EN 1.0314 Steel
Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0314 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0314 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 92 to 120 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 140 to 220 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 78 to 86 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 200 to 250 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 530 | |
| 320 to 400 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 410 | |
| 190 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.6 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.6 | |
| 7.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 68 to 87 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 770 | |
| 95 to 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 13 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 10 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 99.365 to 99.78 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |