Grade 21 Titanium vs. EN 1.4421 Stainless Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4421 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4421 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 380 to 520 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 77 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 880 to 1100 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 620 to 950 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 870 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1400 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 10 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 12 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 120 to 140 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 960 to 2270 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 31 to 39 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 4.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 31 to 39 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 74.4 to 80.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 5.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |