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Grade 21 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1144 Steel

Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1144 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1144 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
280 to 430
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 22
34 to 40
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
72
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
460 to 510
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
750 to 840
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
420 to 690

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 60
1.9
Density, g/cm3 5.4
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
91 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
480 to 1290
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
27 to 30
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
23 to 25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
22 to 24

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0.4 to 0.48
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
97.5 to 98
Manganese (Mn), % 0
1.4 to 1.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0.24 to 0.33
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0

Comparable Variants