Grade 23 Titanium vs. AWS ER90S-D2
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AWS ER90S-D2 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is AWS ER90S-D2.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 19 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 710 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 600 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 47 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 2.6 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 50 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 980 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.070 to 0.12 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 95.2 to 97.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 1.6 to 2.1 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.6 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |