Grade 23 Titanium vs. C18700 Copper
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while C18700 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is C18700 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 9.0 to 9.6 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 170 to 190 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 290 to 330 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 230 to 250 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 210 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 200 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 950 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 98 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 99 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 9.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 41 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 24 to 29 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 240 to 280 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 9.0 to 10 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 11 to 12 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 110 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 10 to 12 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 98 to 99.2 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |