Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 1.0034 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0034 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0034 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 9.0 to 32 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 220 to 230 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 340 to 380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 180 to 280 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 31 to 95 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 84 to 210 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 12 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 14 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 11 to 12 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 98.7 to 100 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |