Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 1.0456 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0456 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0456 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 24 to 26 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 210 to 220 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 270 to 280 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 420 to 450 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 290 to 300 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 49 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 93 to 99 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 220 to 230 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 15 to 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 13 to 14 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 96.7 to 99.48 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |