Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI M44 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI M44 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI M44 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 870 to 2290 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1590 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1540 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 440 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 9.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 170 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 28 to 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 to 46 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 3.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 27 to 70 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 1.1 to 1.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 4.8 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 11 to 12.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 65.3 to 70.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 6.0 to 7.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.55 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 5.0 to 5.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 1.9 to 2.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |