Hardened AISI 416 vs. Hardened SAE-AISI T2

Both hardened AISI 416 and hardened SAE-AISI T2 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. They have 78% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is hardened AISI 416 and the bottom bar is hardened SAE-AISI T2.

Hardened 416 Stainless Steel Hardened T2 Tool Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Poisson's Ratio		0.28
Poisson's Ratio		0.29

Shear Modulus, GPa		76
Shear Modulus, GPa		79

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		800
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		2150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		270
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		250

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1530
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1820

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1480
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1760

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		410

Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		30
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		19

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		9.9
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		7.0
Base Metal Price, % relative		46

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		9.3

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		11

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		27
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		170

Embodied Water, L/kg		100
Embodied Water, L/kg		98

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		13
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		36

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		12

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		21

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		29
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		64

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		40

Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		8.1
Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		4.9

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		30
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		65

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15
Carbon (C), %		0.8 to 0.9

Chromium (Cr), %		12 to 14
Chromium (Cr), %		3.8 to 4.5

Copper (Cu), %		0
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.25

Iron (Fe), %		83.2 to 87.9
Iron (Fe), %		70.8 to 75.8

Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn), %		0.2 to 0.4

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 1.0

Nickel (Ni), %		0
Nickel (Ni), %		0 to 0.3

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.060
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.030

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0.2 to 0.4

Sulfur (S), %		0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030

Tungsten (W), %		0
Tungsten (W), %		17.5 to 19

Vanadium (V), %		0
Vanadium (V), %		1.8 to 2.4