Monel 400 vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is Monel 400 and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 160 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 40 | |
| 9.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 290 | |
| 140 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 62 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 to 780 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 210 to 590 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1000 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1350 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1300 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 430 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 23 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 50 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 110 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 250 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 180 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 1080 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 10 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 21 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 21 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 6.1 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 to 25 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 28 to 34 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 2.5 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 63 to 72 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.024 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |