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SAE-AISI 1021 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1040 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1021 steel and SAE-AISI 1040 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1021 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 150
160 to 180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 17 to 27
13 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 300
220 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46 to 54
40 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 320
350 to 390
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480 to 530
570 to 640
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 450
320 to 530

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
79 to 96
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 530
270 to 760
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17 to 19
20 to 23
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
19 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15 to 17
18 to 20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.23
0.37 to 0.44
Iron (Fe), % 98.8 to 99.22
98.6 to 99.03
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050

Comparable Variants