S45500 Stainless Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
S45500 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is S45500 stainless steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 3.4 to 11 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 570 to 890 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 to 45 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 75 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 790 to 1090 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1370 to 1850 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1240 to 1700 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 760 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.8 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 57 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 120 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 45 to 190 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 48 to 65 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 35 to 42 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 48 to 64 | |
| 66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 12.5 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 1.5 to 2.5 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 71.5 to 79.2 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 7.5 to 9.5 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |