AISI 414 (S41400) Stainless Steel
AISI 414 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 414 is the AISI designation for this material. S41400 is the UNS number. It can have a moderately high tensile strength among the wrought martensitic stainless steels in the database.
The properties of AISI 414 stainless steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare AISI 414 stainless steel to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 %
Fatigue Strength
430 to 480 MPa 62 to 70 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Reduction in Area
50 %
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
550 to 590 MPa 80 to 86 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
900 to 960 MPa 130 to 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
700 to 790 MPa 100 to 110 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 730 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
750 °C 1380 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C 2630 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1400 °C 2550 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
25 W/m-K 14 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
10 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
8.0 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
29 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
140 to 150 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1260 to 1590 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
32 to 34 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
27 to 28 points
Thermal Diffusivity
6.7 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
33 to 35 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of AISI 414 stainless steel is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr). Nickel is primarily used to achieve a specific microstructure. In addition, it has a beneficial effect on mechanical properties and certain types of corrosion. Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.
| Fe | 81.8 to 87.3 | |
| Cr | 11.5 to 13.5 | |
| Ni | 1.3 to 2.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| C | 0 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A473: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings
ASTM A479: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010