EN 1.1191 (C45E) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.1191 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.1191 is the EN numeric designation for this material. C45E is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately low thermal conductivity among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels. In addition, it can have a moderately high tensile strength and a moderately low ductility.
The properties of EN 1.1191 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.1191 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180 to 200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 to 17 %
Fatigue Strength
210 to 290 MPa 30 to 42 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
16 to 29 J 12 to 22 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
380 to 430 MPa 56 to 63 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
630 to 700 MPa 91 to 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
310 to 440 MPa 45 to 63 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
48 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.1 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.2 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
47 L/kg 5.6 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
83 to 100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
260 to 510 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
22 to 25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 to 22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
20 to 22 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.3 to 99.08 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| C | 0.42 to 0.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.035 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10250-2: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy quality and special steels
EN 10297-1: Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes
EN 10269: Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties
Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Sindo Kou, 2003
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015