EN 1.4034 (X46Cr13) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4034 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.4034 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X46Cr13 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately low embodied energy among wrought martensitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately high electrical conductivity and can have a moderately low ductility.
The properties of EN 1.4034 stainless steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.4034 stainless steel to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 to 14 %
Fatigue Strength
230 to 400 MPa 33 to 58 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
420 to 540 MPa 60 to 78 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
690 to 900 MPa 100 to 130 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
390 to 730 MPa 57 to 110 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 730 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
770 °C 1420 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C 2620 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C 2540 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
30 W/m-K 17 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.7 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.0 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
27 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
14
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
81 to 94 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
400 to 1370 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
25 to 32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 to 27 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
24 to 32 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4034 stainless steel is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance. Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible.
| Fe | 83 to 87.1 | |
| Cr | 12.5 to 14.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| C | 0.43 to 0.5 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Metallic Materials: Physical, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties, Philip A. Schweitzer, 2003
EN 10088-2: Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010