EN 1.4659 (X1CrNiMoCuNW24-22-6) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4659 stainless steel is a superaustenitic (highly alloyed) stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4659 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X1CrNiMoCuNW24-22-6 is the EN chemical designation.
It has the highest ductility among wrought superaustenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a very high tensile strength and a moderately high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4659 stainless steel to: wrought superaustenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
260
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
210 GPa 30 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
49 %
Fatigue Strength
460 MPa 66 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
94 J 69 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
81 GPa 12 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
640 MPa 93 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
900 MPa 130 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
480 MPa 69 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
300 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
440 °C 830 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1100 °C 2010 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1480 °C 2690 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1430 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
460 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
12 W/m-K 6.9 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
1.7 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
1.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
37 % relative
Density
8.2 g/cm3 510 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
6.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
89 MJ/kg 38 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
220 L/kg 26 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
54
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
370 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
550 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
31 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.2 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4659 stainless steel is notable for including tungsten (W) and containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn). Tungsten interacts with other alloying elements to a greater extent than usual, which makes it hard to broadly characterize its effects. Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible.
| Fe | 35.7 to 45.7 | |
| Cr | 23 to 25 | |
| Ni | 21 to 23 | |
| Mo | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| Mn | 2.0 to 4.0 | |
| W | 1.5 to 2.5 | |
| Cu | 1.0 to 2.0 | |
| N | 0.35 to 0.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.7 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| C | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10088-2: Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys: Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques, Helmi A. Youssef, 2016
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010