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EN 1.8868 (P355QL1) Steel

EN 1.8868 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8868 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P355QL1 is the EN chemical designation.

It has a moderately high density among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high thermal conductivity and a very low tensile strength.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8868 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

160

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

25 %

Fatigue Strength

260 MPa 37 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

90 J 66 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

350 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

540 MPa 78 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

350 MPa 51 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

410 °C 760 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2670 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

48 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.4 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.4 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.6 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

21 MJ/kg 9.1 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

120 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

330 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

19 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

19 points

Thermal Diffusivity

13 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

16 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8868 steel is notable for including zirconium (Zr) and boron (B). Zirconium is used to improve ductility. Boron is used to improve hardenability. It has a substantial effect when added in even tiny amounts.

Iron (Fe)Fe 96.4 to 100
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.5
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.3
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.25
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.16
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.060
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.050
Zirconium (Zr)Zr 0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.020
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.015
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.0080
Boron (B)B 0 to 0.0050

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10028-6: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered

Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015