EN 1.0038 (S235JR) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.0038 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.0038 is the EN numeric designation for this material. S235JR is the EN chemical designation.
It can have a moderately low tensile strength and has a moderately low thermal conductivity among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels.
The properties of EN 1.0038 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.0038 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
110 to 120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
23 to 25 %
Fatigue Strength
140 to 160 MPa 21 to 23 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
28 to 31 J 21 to 23 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
240 to 270 MPa 35 to 39 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
380 to 430 MPa 55 to 62 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
200 to 220 MPa 29 to 32 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
49 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.1 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.1 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
72 to 88 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
110 to 130 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 to 15 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
15 to 16 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
12 to 13 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.1 to 100 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.55 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.23 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.080 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| S | 0 to 0.045 | |
| N | 0 to 0.014 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10025-2: Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels
EN 10250-2: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy quality and special steels
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015