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Solution Annealed (+AT) 1.4594 Stainless Steel

EN 1.4594 +AT steel is EN 1.4594 stainless steel in the solution annealed (AT) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4594 +AT steel to: wrought precipitation-hardening stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

320

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

76 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1030 MPa 150 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

450 °C 840 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

820 °C 1510 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2640 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2560 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

16 W/m-K 9.5 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

15 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.2 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

45 MJ/kg 19 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

130 L/kg 15 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

19

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

110 to 190 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1660 to 3320 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

36 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

29 points

Thermal Diffusivity

4.4 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

35 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 72.6 to 79.5
Chromium (Cr)Cr 13 to 15
Nickel (Ni)Ni 5.0 to 6.0
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 1.2 to 2.0
Copper (Cu)Cu 1.2 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.0
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0.15 to 0.6
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.7
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.070
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys: Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques, Helmi A. Youssef, 2016

EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes

EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010