AISI 410 (S41000) Stainless Steel
AISI 410 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 410 is the AISI designation for this material. S41000 is the UNS number. Additionally, the British Standard (BS) designation is 410S21.
This material is well established: the Further Reading section below cites a number of published standards, and that list is not necessarily exhaustive.
It has a moderately low embodied energy among the wrought martensitic stainless steels in the database.
The properties of AISI 410 stainless steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare AISI 410 stainless steel to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190 to 240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 to 22 %
Fatigue Strength
190 to 350 MPa 28 to 50 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Reduction in Area
47 to 48 %
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
330 to 470 MPa 48 to 69 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
520 to 770 MPa 76 to 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
290 to 580 MPa 42 to 84 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 730 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
710 °C 1300 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1530 °C 2790 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1480 °C 2700 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
30 W/m-K 17 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.0 % relative
Calomel Potential
-150 mV
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
27 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
97 to 110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
210 to 860 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
19 to 28 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 to 24 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
18 to 26 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of AISI 410 stainless steel is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance. Manganese is used to improve ductility at elevated temperatures. It also permits a higher nitrogen content than would otherwise be possible.
| Fe | 83.5 to 88.4 | |
| Cr | 11.5 to 13.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.75 | |
| C | 0.080 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A493: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Cold Heading and Cold Forging
ASTM A473: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings
ASTM A479: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008
ASTM A240: Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels