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ASTM A414 Grade A Steel

ASTM A414 grade A is a type of ASTM A414 steel. Cited properties are appropriate for the hot worked condition. It has the lowest strength compared to the other variants of ASTM A414 steel.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A414 grade A to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

110

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

26 %

Fatigue Strength

140 MPa 21 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

230 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

360 MPa 53 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

190 MPa 28 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

400 °C 760 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2670 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.2 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

20 MJ/kg 8.4 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

80 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

100 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

13 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

14 points

Thermal Diffusivity

13 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

11 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 97.2 to 99.98
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.4
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.4
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.3
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.3
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.15
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.12
Aluminum (Al)Al 0.020 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.035
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.025
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.020

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A414: Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy for Pressure Vessels

Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015